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News & Resources
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Home : News & Resources
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Welcome to our News & Resources page.
We offer surface analysis techniques such as Auger, XPS, & microscopy for product development & quality control. Technical Articles include information on Stainless Steel, Coating/Surface Modification, Applied Surface Analysis, etc.
| Press Releases |
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| Technical Articles - Stainless Steel |
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Effect of Nitric Acid Passivation on 316L Surface
[Updated: 08/20/2005] [Filesize: 473K]
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Passivation has a profound effect on the chromium/iron ratio in mechanically polished Type 316L tubing. This publication summarizes the effect of nitric acid passivation time on the surface chemistry of polished sanitary tube.
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Color Tinted Electropolished Stainless Surfaces
[Updated: 08/19/2005] [Filesize: 603K]
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to analyze the surface of electropolished stainless steel that exhibited different shades of blue, gold, and black. The near-surface Cr/Fe ratio was determined and related to corrosion resistance. The depth of the passive layer was measured for each of the colors.
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Stainless Steel Surface Analysis - Review
[Updated: 08/19/2005] [Filesize: 40K]
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This publication is a review article, summarizing the use of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to analyze the surface of stainless steel. The results obtained on typical "industrially clean" stainless steel are discussed. The surface chemstry of 316L stainless steel as a function of nitric acid passivation time was measured.
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| Technical Articles - Coating/Surface Modification |
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| Technical Articles - Applied Surface Analysis |
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Comparison of XPS and XRD - Background
[Updated: 08/20/2005] [Filesize: 56K]
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) are often used to analyze the surface of complex oxide materials. When XRD is used in an angle resolved x-ray diffraction mode, crystalline composition as a function of depth can be obtained. Similarly, when XPS is used in conjunction with argon depth profiling, composition as a function of depth can also be obtained. A review of the two techniques is included, comparing and contrasting their ability to obtain chemical information as a function of depth for heterogeneous oxide layers.
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Evidence of Hydrogen with XPS Analysis
[Updated: 08/19/2005] [Filesize: 111K]
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Although H is not detected directly with x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), one can often detect shifting of other XPS peaks due to the presence/absence of hydrogen. While not a complete review paper, this work presents XPS shifting patterns with the intent to evolve a series of covalency/ionicity arguments to help explain the progressive, periodic changes in XPS peak locations for common cases such as M-O-H- and M-N-H- containing systems, followed by lesser shifts exhibited by metal and metalloid hydrides, including organic bonding.
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Interfacial Chemistry in AlTi /Graphite Systems
[Updated: 03/20/2005] [Filesize: 1,057K]
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The chemical and physical interaction of liquid metal surfaces with various substrates is an important, largely unexplored aspect of technology, with implications in composite science and catalysis. In the present case, we have employed x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), in conjuction with sessile drop wettability tests, to examine the interfacial properties and surface chemistry of the systems formed by adding liquid drops of select Al-Ti alloys to graphite substrates. A variety of different chemical states was revealed by XPS, suggesting the formation of alloys and carbides.
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SEM/EDS of Submicrometer Flyash
[Updated: 02/25/2005] [Filesize: 1,946K]
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Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS) were used to analyze two groups of submicrometer coal flyash from specific eastern and western power plants. The composition of the particles could be related to the composition of the coal that was used. The power plant using the higher sulfur concentration eastern coal produced ash containing 1.5% SO2 equivalent.
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| Technical Articles - Quantitative Surface Analysis |
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Calculated AES Yields, 1-10kV Primary Beams
[Updated: 08/20/2005] [Filesize: 447K]
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Relative values of the calculated Auger yields for the major KLL, LMM, MNN, and NOO transitions are listed for those transitions initiated by 1, 3, 5, and 10 kV primary electron beams. A discussion of the assumptions used in the calculated sensitivity factors outlines the cases in which care must be taken.
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Calculated Auger Sensitivity Factors vs. Handbook
[Updated: 07/20/2005] [Filesize: 604K]
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A first principles technique for Auger quantification was used to calculate relative Auger yields. These yields were compared to the experimental sensitivity factors found in the Handbook of Auger Electron Spectroscopy. In cases where pure conductive, elemental standards are readily available, theory and experiment showed good agreement. When pure element standards are not available, as the lanthanide series and the light elements, large deviations exist. Plots of calculated yields for 3, 5, and 10 kV primary beams are superimposed upon the Handbook sensitivity factor graphs and reasons for the similarities and differences are discussed.
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Effect of Transmission Function on AES Yields
[Updated: 06/20/2005] [Filesize: 658K]
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It has been shown in other publications that calculated sensitivity factors can be used in many cases for quantification of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) data. In this study, the effect of various electron tranmission functions on calculated Auger electron spectroscopy sensitivity factors is discussed. The transmission function-corrected calculated sensitivity factors are compared to several available empirical handbook sensitivity factors.
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| Technical Articles - Biomaterials |
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Bioreactivity of Titanium Implant Alloys
[Updated: 08/20/2005] [Filesize: 125K]
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A study was conducted regarding the adsorption of peptides on commercially pure (cp) Ti and Ti-6Al-4V. The peptides were based upon the group RGD, arginine-glycine-aspartic acid, known to be important for biologically specific adhesion reactions. Coupons of the titanium alloys were inserted into variable concentration solutions of the peptide under constant time and temperature conditions. Adsorption isotherms were plotted. It was postulated through x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) data that the major adhesion mechanism for the peptides to the titanium alloys was via hydrogen bonding.
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XPS and XRD of Oxides on Dental Alloys
[Updated: 08/20/2005] [Filesize: 117K]
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X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the oxide layer on three palladium-gallium-based dental casting alloys. The complementary techniques helped to show different mechanisms were responsible for oxide growth, dependent upon the alloy composition.
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XRD of Pd Dental Alloys
[Updated: 08/20/2005] [Filesize: 0K]
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X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to obtain new information about the oxide layers on four representative oxidized high palladium alloys. The alloys also contained gallium and sometimes copper. Cast specimens were subjected to oxidation procedures recommended by the manufactures before the analysis.
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Electronic Immunoassay Patent
[Updated: 08/15/2005] [Filesize: 749K]
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This patent describes an electronic endpoint for immunassays. The initial inventor on the patent is the current president of Material Interface, Inc.
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| Additional Publications |
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Additional Technical Articles
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For additional technical articles, please see our Literature Request page.
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| Technical Societies |
| We are members of the following technical societies: |
American Vacuum Society
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AVS is a not-for-profit professional society that promotes
communication between academia, government laboratories, and industry
for the purpose of sharing research and development findings over a
broad range of technologically relevant topics. Our symposia and
journals provide an important forum for the dissemination of
information in many areas of science and technology-enabling a critical
gateway for the rapid insertion of scientific breakthroughs into
manufacturing realities.
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American Society for Testing & Materials
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ASTM International is one of the largest voluntary standards development organizations in the world-a trusted source for technical standards for materials, products, systems, and services. Known for their high technical quality and market relevancy, ASTM International standards have an important role in the information infrastructure that guides design, manufacturing and trade in the global economy.
Susan Kerber of Material Interface, Inc. is currently head of the ASTM E42.03 subcommittee on Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. New ASTM standards are presently being developed for the surface analysis of stainless steel.
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ASM International
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The ASM International Society is formed for the exclusive purpose of
advancing and disseminating scientific, engineering, and technical
knowledge, particularly with respect to the manufacture, processing,
characterization, selection, understanding, use and life-cycle of
engineering materials through education, research and the compilation
and dissemination of information to serve technical and professional
needs and interests and to benefit the general public.
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ASM International - Milwaukee Chapter
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Please use the link to learn about Wisconsin and Milwaukee-area courses
and seminars and to download scholarship applications.
Scholarships are available for undergraduate engineering students and
for high school teachers.
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